| Earlier | | Postgraduate researchUniversity of York, MA and MPhil. |
| Earlier | | Lecturer and Senior Lecturer in Social PolicyCoventry, Sheffield, London South Bank, Manchester Met and Brighton. His work on inequality and low pay contributed to the campaign for a national minimum wage. |
| 1991 | Elected MP for MonmouthFirst elected as Labour MP at a by-election in May 1991. | |
| 1992 | | Back to BrightonAfter the 1992 General Election, returned to the University of Brighton as Senior Lecturer in Social Policy. |
| 1997 to 2005 | Re-elected MP for MonmouthA Select Committee member for eight years, and on the National Minimum Wage Bill Committee. | |
| 2005 to today | Training consultantParliament, Legislation, Democratic Governance and Devolution, now specialising in Research Impact and Policy Engagement training for university researchers. |
| 2024 | Appointed MBENew Year Honours, for services to music and charity with Monmouth Male Voice Choir. |
| Today | Policy engagement trainer, and Trinity Saint DavidUniversity policy engagement trainer since 2020, and Practitioner Researcher at the University of Wales Trinity Saint David, where his doctoral research is ‘Wales and Westminster: the parliamentary debate on devolution from the 1880s to the 1990s’. |