| Earlier | | Postgraduate researchUniversity of York, MA and MPhil. |
| Earlier | | Lecturer and Senior Lecturer in Social PolicyCoventry, Sheffield, London South Bank, Manchester Met and Brighton. His work on inequality and low pay contributed to the campaign for a national minimum wage. |
| 1991 | Elected MP for MonmouthFirst elected as Labour MP at a by-election in May 1991. | |
| 1992 | | Back to BrightonAfter the 1992 General Election, returned to the University of Brighton as Senior Lecturer in Social Policy. |
| 1997 to 2005 | Re-elected MP for MonmouthA Select Committee member for eight years, and on the National Minimum Wage Bill Committee. | |
| 2005 to today | Training consultantParliament, Legislation, Democratic Governance and Devolution, now specialising in Research Impact and Policy Engagement training for university researchers. |
| 2024 | Appointed MBENew Year Honours, for services to music and charity with Monmouth Male Voice Choir. |
| Today | Industry and Parliament Trust, and LampeterIPT's Training Consultant for universities, and Practitioner Researcher at the University of Wales, Lampeter, where his doctoral research is ‘Wales and Westminster: the parliamentary debate on devolution from the 1880s to the 1990s’. |